Abstract:

In clinical dentistry, evaluating the maximum bite force (MBF) provides insights into the functional capabilities of patients, particularly when comparing those with natural dentition to those experiencing tooth loss. Natural dentition typically exhibits superior MBF due to optimal proprioceptive feedback and periodontal ligament support. This contrasts sharply with edentulous patients, who lack teeth entirely, and partially edentulous individuals, who have lost some teeth, leading to compromised masticatory function and reduced quality of life.
Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate the MBF of edentulous patients treated with partial and complete dentures and non-edentulous patients using a new generation gnathodynamometer.
Materials and methods. A total of 123 patients were tested throughout the course of the study, which were divided into three groups (41 patients per group), depending on whether they were partial, complete or non-edentulous. All patients were tested in the distal and frontal are of the dentition, using a Gnathodynamometer GD500.2 (force-measuring tensometric module)
Results. Posterior MBF exceeded anterior in all groups, as expected. Natural dentition produced ~4x the force of complete dentures anteriorly and ~4.8x posteriorly; partial dentures were intermediate but still markedly lower than natural dentition. Variability (SD) was lowest in complete dentures (more uniform but limited by support) and highest in partial dentures posteriorly.
Conclusion. MBF is significantly reduced in edentulous patients with complete dentures compared to partial denture wearers and those with natural dentition, when measured with a gnathodynamometer in anterior and posterior regions. These findings underscore the functional limitations of conventional dentures and the value of preserving natural teeth.

Keywords: partial dentures, complete dentures, natural dentition, maximum bite force, gnathodynamometer