Abstract:

Chronic kidney disease is defined as a progressive and irreversible deterioration of the renal function, with a rising incidence rate on a global scale. A wide range of oral changes can be observed in patients with end-stage renal disease, ones that reflect the changes occurring in harder and softer oral tissues, often as a result of the general manifestations of the basic condition. The objective of this review is to discuss the changes in the biological contents of the oral cavity with an emphasis on the most commonly used biological parameters consistent with the characteristics of chronic kidney diseases.